138 Repair & Renovation Guide Problems with linings SOLUTION (similar to the cementitious grouts of DUROSTICK). Its application ensures sealing without cracks in the joints of the tiles and skirting, as well as above it. • Floors with radiant heating systems, it is recommended to create expansion joints every 20m2. • For the installation of the new replacement tiles it is necessary to use adhesives of suitable specifications. A good solution is the waterproof liquid tile adhesive No37 (p. 279). For marble and granite installations, it is recommended to use the highly deformable adhesive for all types of tile & granite ELASTIC (p. 254) or with the marble & granite adhesive D-23 (p. 234). • Regrout as needed, as described in PROBLEM - SOLUTION 6.1. NOTE: The creation of expansion joints in interior surface linings should be done around the perimeter of the linings. In cases of very large surfaces or when applying large format tiles, it is highly recommended to create expansion joints in between the lining elements as well. Also, and as a good practice, it is important to know that in any floor lining, the skirting must never touch the lining elements. 6.4 Cracked lining elements on exterior surfaces (tiles, marble, granite etc.) in combination or not, with cracked grout joints POSSIBLE CAUSE The cause may be related to mechanical stress, normal wear or even the absence of expansion joints in the perimeter of the lining. SOLUTION • Remove the damaged elements of the investment. • Create expansion joints in the perimeter and per 16-20m2 of the surface lining elements by sealing the joint between them with the high adhesion polyurethane elastomeric sealant DUROFLEX-PU (p. 249) after priming the joints with PRIMER-PU (p. 263). It may be deemed necessary to install the backer rod DS-265 (p. 246), if the joint is deep and must be adjusted. • The same sealant should be used on the top joint above the skirting. • Install using a high-quality adhesive (class C2TE S1 or C2TE S2) and grout, as described in PROBLEM - SOLUTION 6.1. NOTE: The creation of expansion joints in a lining - especially on exterior surface(s) - is necessary in order to avoid: • Detachments. • Cracks of the lining elements (tiles). • Cracks and disintegration of the grouted joints. • Moisture penetration into the substrates of the lining and the creation of damage. 6.5 Cracked and/or raised - detached lining elements (tiles, marble, granite etc.) POSSIBLE CAUSE • Absence of expansion joints. • Existing unsound substrate under the tiles, without proper mechanical strength, accompanied, or not, by substrate subsidence (e.g., lightweight screed). • Intense mechanical stress. • Moisture penetration resulting in wear of the adhesive and detachment of the lining. SOLUTION • Remove the damaged lining elements. • Thoroughly clean the substrate from adhesive residues. • In case of unsound substrate, remove all the elements of the lining,
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