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Repair & Renovation Guide 1 REPAIR & RENOVATION First section - repairs Introduction.................................................................................. 04 Home or building Maintenance....................................06 Product application guide................................................ 08 We have identified and photographed the most common problems ........................................ 17 Product Selection Maintenance & repair products.................................. 59 Special Subjects......................................................................... 63 Structural reinforcement of a building......................63 Wood.............................................................................................. 64 Plaster............................................................................................. 65 Cracks............................................................................................. 69 Earthquake................................................................................... 72 Earthquake damage to masonry...................................72 Architectural damages in a building after an earthquake ................................................................73 Repair products for earthquake damages .............74 Renders / Plasters....................................................................75 Linings............................................................................................ 82 Concrete elements.................................................................86 Walls................................................................................................ 88 Clay tiled roofs..........................................................................89 Repair around frames...........................................................90 Colors.................................................................................................. 93 Information, tips, and smart solutions for painting surfaces ............................................................94 Before painting ........................................................................96 Gather the tools of the trade........................................100 Choose the color that you love...................................106 The necessary actions prior to a construction application/repair............ 108 We identified the problem... we found the solution!....................................................... 109 Problems with exterior wall surfaces.......................110 Problems with interior wall surfaces........................118 Problems in the bathroom.............................................122 Problems with the roof.....................................................126 Problems in the basement.............................................132 Problems with linings........................................................136 Problems with painted surfaces.................................146 Problems with wood and metal surfaces.............152 Second section - minor damage Small repairs & patching up!.........................................158 Small damage on walls.....................................................160 Small damage on floors...................................................161 Small damage on waterproofed surfaces.............161 Small damage to linings..................................................162 Small plumbing damage................................................163 Small damage to wood and metal objects and surfaces..................................164 Small damage to sealing products...........................165 Small damage (in general).............................................165 The tools of the trade.............................................. 167 Third section - renovations Renovations............................................................................... 168 Renovations of exterior surfaces................................170 DUROSTICK paints...............................................................172 ‘Cool’, Reflective products..............................................176 Thermal insulation Thermoseal...................................178 Soundproofing and Thermal protection ..............180 Crack and Vibration protection...................................182 Roof renovation....................................................................186 Roof waterproofing............................................................188 Thermal insulation & waterproofing for roofs.......194 Alternative solution - dB BLOCK, Advantages and Applications......................................196 Lining the roof.......................................................................198 Structures on roofs..............................................................200 Courtyard or terrace floors.............................................201 Floors: linings..........................................................................203 Alternative lining proposals...........................................206 Wood & Metal structures (Care and treatment).........................................................214 Industrial floors......................................................................216 Bathroom renovation........................................................217 Renovation with color.......................................................222 Styling of interior surfaces..............................................224 DUROSTICK products........................................................ 229 Products and their proper application...................282 Follow the instructions of use religiously! ...........283 Knowledge is power!........................................................ 284 Epilogue........................................................................................ 291 Glossary......................................................................................... 293
2 Repair & Renovation Guide Repair & Renovation guide of DUROSTICK It is designed to introduce you to repairs and renovations, to help you organize your thinking around them, to help you identify problems, to come up with solutions with specific products, to get ideas for renovations, to get to know new innovative products and inform you in-depth. In this manual you will find: INTRODUCTORY TEXTS Read the introductory texts where we pass the knowledge of DUROSTICK to you on the subjects of maintenance, repair and renovation. First section: REPAIRS Section with photos: We have created a photograph collection of problems in buildings in need of repair. We grouped them in subsections that refer to the most important causes of problems (e.g., humidity), or in types of surfaces and spaces that need special attention. Each photo refers to the ‘Solution’ section as well as the relevant page in the guide. Special articles on important construction issues. In this section, you will get in-depth information and guidelines to prevent or restore possible problems. A tribute to ‘Paint’: A famous product that most of us have used. You can be informed about all the necessary other products, tools, preparation, and processes, in order to achieve the perfect result! Play with colors and improve your mood! Solutions Section: An extremely detailed list of Problems by category, Possible Causes and Suggestions for Solutions using DUROSTICK products. Accompanied by a number of indoor and outdoor photographs that make diagnosing and understanding problems easy and understandable. Insertion on Earthquakes: Damage control and restoration - mainly architectural. Second section: SMALL REPAIRS Section about small damages in the home that occur daily, concern us and require immediate, easy, and inexpensive solutions-repairs. Solutions that if someone is handy, they can give themselves using the appropriate materials and methods. Tools: A summary presentation (with pictures) of the most important and most frequently used tools in construction projects such as those presented in the various sections of this edition. Third section: RENOVATIONS Section referring to interior and exterior spaces of buildings, different types of surfaces and intelligent, functional, aesthetic solutions that protect, decorate, beautify and save energy. The solutions are linked to specific DUROSTICK products or systems, many of which are highly effective and innovative materials that are subject to change methods and practices delivering excellent results. Fourth section: PRODUCT CATALOGUE Product Catalogue where the product packaging is presented, its description, its consumption and the applications in which it is used. Fifth section: WAYS & MEANS OF COMMUNICATION Informational and educational manuals and brochures, videos with products application, sites, microsites etc. Sixth section: GLOSSARY A selection of terms that one encounters while reading this Guide and that you are probably not familiar with their meaning or use. For more technical details and product specifications please refer to the CONTEMPORARY CONSTRUCTION MANUAL of DUROSTICK or visit www.durostick.com Knowledge is power… and it’s in your hands!
We set our goals high You take us higher! Since its establishment in 1988, DUROSTICK has set as its main goal and concern the correct information, train and education of the users of its products. Over the years and the constant effort, we have managed to gain the deep and sincere trust of the consumers, the fair satisfaction from the solutions we provide to the problems of their home or construction, the recording in their perception as the friend and partner who always stands by to their problem, providing the best solution.
4 Repair & Renovation Guide It is true that many times, as we repair smaller or larger damage to our residence or building, after some time, sooner or later, we observe the recurrence of that same damage in the same place or in another one close to it. This situation most often results in creating doubts as to not only the proper understanding of the problem (damage) but also the method and materials used for the restoration. The goal and purpose of this guide are to bring to the forefront the issue of repair and maintenance, to properly inform in-depth, and to improve our understanding of these issues that concern and occupy our daily lives. We believe it is very important, if not essential, to promptly identify problems and understand the need for maintenance and repair. It is also very important to plan and implement the necessary steps for its restoration at the appropriate time. In this way, we ensure the maintenance of the good condition and commercial value of the building and the safety and comfort of its occupants, while avoiding the costs of repairing greater damage that would otherwise arise. The use of conventional and traditional materials as well as methods of repair and restoration of damage is the most widespread and tested by the entire technical world. Introduction
Repair & Renovation Guide 5 However, the selection of new innovative materials and methods that come to deal with chronic problems in an exceptional way provides, in the majority of cases, strong comparative advantages and benefits for all involved. The need for information about such materials, first for their properties and then for their appropriate use according to instructions and specifications, is useful for everyone. Most damages that occur to homes and buildings are directly related to the exposure of the building surfaces to moisture, industrial and air pollution, salt (coastal areas), vibrations and earthquakes, expansion and contraction due to rapid temperature variations, building settlement, and UV radiation. Damages are also correlated to oversights, failures, and bad workmanship during construction, repair, or maintenance, either by simply not choosing the right materials or by not following the PM (preventive maintenance) that is required based on the structure’s needs. Our homes and buildings are our shelter, our safe haven, that provides us with comfort to live, work, and do business. They are our valuable assets. The value that a house has for its owner is connected, among other things, to its existence over time with the fewest possible problems. Maintaining and even increasing the lifespan of a structure and avoiding the technical, aesthetic, and commercial devaluation due to damages and wear and tear in general is extremely important, maybe even more important than the original construction of the structure. You are holding in your hands the technical manual ‘REPAIRS & RENOVATIONS’ of DUROSTICK. All the application instructions and directions for use of the products you will find in this manual are based on up-to-date technical knowledge, experience and research from DUROSTICK. We obtain this knowledge for each of our products separately but also in possible combinations, as it pertains to the correct application and their excellent performance afterwards. The solutions and recommendations that are contained in this manual are indicative and a limited spectrum of solutions and combinations. As such, they should only be adapted to the specific circumstances and parameters of the actual, real individual problem, when it is clear that the responsibility of the implementation lies with the installer and/ or person adopting these solutions. DUROSTICK can and absolutely guarantees the quality of its products, which carry all the necessary and appropriate certifications, as required by both Greek and European legislation. DUROSTICK is not able to control all circumstances and parameters that truly are outside the realm of its own responsibility, for example: • the storage conditions of the products (temperature, humidity, etc.), • the ambient conditions during application of each product and afterwards, until complete curing of the products (temperature, humidity, wind, etc.), • the proper preparation of the substrate, • the selection of the product for any particular use and its suitability, • the correct and total adherence to the proper implementation procedures of each product, • the specific parameters that may exist within the problem and causing it, • the ability and skill level of the person implementing the solution. For that reason, DUROSTICK cannot and will not guarantee the satisfactory outcome for each specific application and does not carry any legal or otherwise liability towards the purchaser/ customer and to any other directly or indirectly involved the third party. In general, it would be advisable, appropriate and the best practice to first test in advance the product or combination of products on a small-scale application, and second to use the products by adhering to the technical instructions that accompany them. We recommend the testing to check for both the suitability and more importantly the feasibility of the specific DUROSTICK products for the particular project. Please read carefully the installation instructions and directions of use for each product that you selected for the solution to your problem. If you have any questions or doubts, do not hesitate to contact the Technical Support Team of DUROSTICK at +30 210 55 16 500 or e-mail us at technical@durostick.com. This publication of the specific manual eliminates all previous versions that may still exist in retail stores. ATTENTION: IMPORTANT NOTES ON LIABILITY ISSUES CONCERNING DUROSTICK
6 Repair & Renovation Guide Residence or building Maintenance Types of building maintenance TYPE PROJECTS Daily • Cleaning • Ventilating • Hygiene Occasionally • Snake (unclog) waste lines, repair water leaks and gutter/leader maintenance • Small scale repairs Regularly • Crack repairs • Evaluation and repair of unstable surfaces • Exterior painting and sealant application • Waterproofing of exterior surfaces • Door and window frame sealing • Inspection and restoration of rooftop waterproofing • Care and maintenance of wood and metal surfaces Maintaining a building or a residence is a continuous process in which the resulting wear and tear and damages are observed, identified, and controlled by small-scale repair interventions. These repairs are focused on keeping the different building components (walls, floors, columns, frames, etc.) in good condition. Structures react to weather conditions; they get affected by the loads they carry and the way they are used. Structures react according to their good or bad design and, of course, the materials they were built from. A building, in order to be fully functional throughout its life, will necessarily need to receive proper maintenance. Factors that affect the life span of a structure CAUSE DETAIL Bad workmanship • Bad design • Inappropriate quality of materials • Bad construction quality Damages (occurred by) • Bad or no maintenance • Unacceptable additions and changes • Overload • Earthquake • Fire • Other natural disasters Wear (occurred by) • Environmental consequences (e.g. coastal or mountainous areas) • Carbonation of concrete or plaster • Contamination by chlorides or sulfides • Corrosion • Moisture penetration Maintenance: How, what and why
Repair & Renovation Guide 7 è The structural strength and stability (resistance to loads and mechanical stress, earthquakes, etc.,) given the correct initial design, material selection and construction process. è The waterproofing of the exterior/shell. A well-maintained building will have properly addressed the issues of the exterior waterproofing, the rainwater runoff, the water sealing of the roof and the building facades, its perimeter seal at ground level. è The increase of its life span. The maintenance of a building should not be neglected after the completion of construction, helping to maintain the building in good condition throughout its life. è The healthy atmosphere inside the building. With proper and timely maintenance, the successful adjustment of all those factors that contribute to the creation of comfort and hygienic conditions in the house (air quality, absence of humidity and mold, elimination of room-to-room wide temperature variations, etc.) is achieved. è The thermal comfort of the interior. The thermal comfort of the interior. A well-insulated building (walls, floors, ceilings, doors and window frames), in combination with a well-designed heating and cooling system, but also the best possible architectural design (size of frame openings, orientation of facades, and shading of the surrounding area), all result in the conservation of temperature and humidity at levels such as to ensure the health of the occupants, but also the prolonged good condition of the house or building. The construction date of the structure The materials used during construction The material quality of the construction & their application The type of building (concrete & brick, stone, aircrete, cement board wood or metal frame etc.) The type and extent of the repairs already applied to the building The location of the structure The construction type The construction materials The use and purpose of the structure The maintenance and repair of the structure The building or residence maintenance depends on: The life span of a residence or a building, in general, depends on: The definition of repair is the very important action we take to restore damages caused to a structure due to lack of maintenance. The repairs can be avoided with planned maintenance (PM) that we organize in timely fashion and we follow with regular maintenance of the structure. The goal of proper maintenance of a building or residence pertains to: Maintenance: How, what and why
PRODUCT APPLICATION GUIDE ADHESION & GROUTING CEMENTITIOUS TILE ADHESIVES CEMENTITIOUS ADHESIVES FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS SPECIAL MONOCOTTURA ZX EXPERT PROFESSIONAL ACRYLIC ACRYLIC GEL SUPER ACRYLIC RAPID PLUS GΟLD ΕΧΤRA POWER GEL ΕΧΤRA POWER ELASTIC ULTRACOLL THERMO ROMIX THERMO ULTRAFIX THERMO Low slip Zero slip Thixotropic Professional, resinous Acrylic Resinous, thixotropic Zero slip Fast applications Reinforced, flexible Highly flexible Vinyl acrylic, deformable Vinyll - Acrylic based resins Extremely flexible Fiber-reinforced adhesive for insulation boards Fiber-reinforced adhesive for insulation boards Fiber-reinforced adhesive for insulation boards CATEGORY PER EUROPEAN STANDARDS C1 C1T C1TE C2E C2TE C2TE C2TE C2FT C2TE /S1 C2TE /S1 C2TE /S1 C2TE /S2 C2TE /S2 GP:CS IV /W2 GP:CS IV /W2 GP:CS IV /W2 INTERIOR SPACES WALL PLASTER • • I I I GYPSUM-BASED PLASTER • • • • • DRYWALL • • • • • CEMENT BOARD • • • I I I EXISTING TILES METAL SURFACE WOOD SURFACE PAINTED SURFACE WITH SOUND OIL-BASE PAINT AIRCRETE • • • • • • • • I I FLOOR REGULAR CEMENT SCREED • • • I I RADIANT FLOOR HEATING TERRAZO/MOSAIC EXISTING TILES METAL SURFACE WOOD SURFACE STEPS CONCRETE • • • METAL SURFACE WOOD SURFACE BATHROOM CEMENT SCREED/PLASTER • • • I I DRYWALL • • • • EXTERIOR SPACES BALCONY & ROOF TOP CEMENT SCREED • • • • • • • • • I I TERRAZO/MOSAIC • • • I I POOL CONCRETE CEMENT SREED FACADE COATINGS CONCRETE • • • • • • I I PLASTER • • • • • I I FLOOR LININGS CONCRETE • • • • • • • I I EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS SUITABLE FOR GROUTING ADDITION OF ACRYLIC EMULSION MATERIALS TO BE INSTALLED ABSORBENT TILES • NON-ABSORBENT TILES ALL TYPES OF TILES THERMAL INSULATING BOARDS I DECORATIVE STONES/BRICKS D MARBLE Μ WOOD SURFACES - SOUNDPROOFING SLABS W GLASS BLOCKS G VINYL FLOORING - CARPET Τ PRIME WITH: ACRYLIC EMULSION / D 20 / DUROMAX SOLVENT BASED PRIMER / AQUAFIX NATURAL RED LEAD QUARTZ BASED PRIMER 8 Repair & Renovation Guide
For every use there is a solution! CEMENTITIOUS ADHESIVES FOR SPECIAL APPLICATIONS ADHESIVES IN PASTE FORM EPOXY-BASED GROUT - ADHESIVE CEMENTITIOUS ACRYLIC GROUTS D-5 D-23 D-3 D-88 ‘MAGNETIC’ MULTIPURPOSE ADHESIVE Νο37 D-89 DS-205 SUPER GLUE DUROPOXY D-4 DUROGROUT FINE TILE GROUT SANDED TILE & STONE GROUT ULTRAFINE TILE & MARBLE GROUT FLEXIBLE & OIL REPELLENT GROUT Decorative bricks and stones Marble & granite Glass block For PVC flooring, tiles, insulation boards Ready for use For vinyl floors and carpets Heavy duty glue for wood constructs exposed to water & moisture Epoxy grout and tile adhesive Stone grout Joint width from 1-10 mm Joint width from 5-20 mm Joint width from 0-3mm Joint width from 1-8mm C2T C2T D2F D2TE D3/D4 R2/RG CG2/WAr CG2/WAr CG2/WAr CG2/WAr CG2/WAr INTERIOR SPACES WALL D M G Τ Τ W M G Τ Τ M G Τ Τ D M G Τ W M Τ Τ Τ W D M G FLOOR D M G Τ Τ W Τ Τ D M Τ Τ D M Τ Τ Τ STEPS D M Τ Τ W Τ BATHROOM D M Τ Τ M Τ Τ EXTERIOR SPACES BALCONI & ROOF TOP D M W D M POOL FACADE COATINGS D M Τ D M Τ FLOOR LININGS D M W For installations on expanding/contracting substrates, the addition of acrylic emulsion is recommended for most cementitious adhesives and grouts. The proper preparation of the substrate is essential so to ensure perfect results for the installation. It is necessary to strictly follow the ‘USE’ instructions of every product. OUR CAREFULLY SELECTED SUGGESTIONS FOR THE USE OF THE PRODUCTS ENSURE PERFECT RESULTS FROM THEIR APPLICATION When working with tile sizes of 60x60cm and above the use of an adhesive of at least C2TE, class is recommended, and its application should be done by the double coat method. Repair & Renovation Guide 9
PRODUCT APPLICATION GUIDE SUBSTRATE PREPARATION PRIMER-PU ACRYLIC EMULSION / D-20 / DUROMAX SOLVENT-BASED PRIMER / ΑQUAFIX WATERPROOF EPOXY PRIMER AQUA SEALING, WATERPROOFING AND WATER REPELLENCY OF SURFACES SEALANTS RESIN MORTARS FAST SETTING MORTARS DUROFLEX-PU DS POLYMER DUROWOOD DS POLYMER FLEXIBLE & OIL REPELLENT GROUT SUPER FLEX POWDER D-66 REPAIR MOLD RESISTANT SILICONE NEUTRAL SILICONE PAINTABLE CAULK STUCOFIX ULTRALIGHT PUTTY D-55 ΜEGAFIX DS-244 POWER MORTAR RESIN D-32 D-11 SUPER FAST DS-245 POWER MORTAR RAPID DS-247 Polyurethane elastomeric sealant 32 available colors 10 available wood colors Grout width 1-8 mm Cementitious flexible Repair paste for severe cracks & holes 5 available colors For permanent water immersion Siliconized and paintable Ready to use acrylic putty Lightweight repair acrylic putty Fiber-reinforced repair mortar Flexible, multi-purpose mortar Thixotropic Fast setting repair plaster Fast setting repair mortar Thixotropic repair mortar Multiple applications SEALING OF INTERIOR & EXTERIOR SPACES GROUTING AND EXPANSION JOINTS FROM 0-1mm FROM 1-2mm FROM 2mm and up EXPANSION JOINTS JOINTS BETWEEN PLASTER & FRAMES JOINTS BETWEEN TILES & SANITARY FIXTURES JOINTS BETWEEN TILES & FLOOR SKIRTING WOOD SURFACE JOINTS 5-20mm JOINTS ON CONCRETE SLABS POOL JOINTS CRACKS CONCRETE (0.5-2mm) CONCRETE (2-5mm) CONCRETE (5-20mm) PLASTER (capillaries up to 0.5mm) PLASTER (0.5-2mm) PLASTER (2-5mm) PLASTER (5mm and up to 20mm) SKIM COATED SURFACE PAINTED SURFACE BALCONIES EXPANSION JOINTS ROOFS CLAY TILE ROOF WATER REPELLENCY IN PLASTER BALCONY AND ROOF WATERPROOFING CONCRETE OTHER SURFACES MARBLE NATURAL STONES DECORATIVE BRICKS WOOD SURFACES GRANITE VARIOUS OBJECTS/MISCELLANEOUS RIGID/ZODIAC INFLATABLE BOATS TENTS - RETRACTABLE AWNINGS SUN ROOF/DRAWER SLIDES-GUIDES SYMBOL EXPLANATION MIX WITH ACRYLIC EMULSION or D-20 SUITABLE FOR APPLICATION 10 Repair & Renovation Guide
For every use there is a solution! Where the use of sealants is mentioned, we refer to the concrete surface where tiles, marbles or natural stones will be placed. WATERPROOFERS WATER REPELLENTS WATER REPELLENTS NANO TECHNOLOGY WATERPROOF MORTAR HYDROSTOP WATERTANK DUROFLEX POWDER TWO COMPONENT HYDROSTOP HYDROSTOP ROOF Νο39 TECHNOPROOF THERMOELASTIC COLOUR TECHNOPROOF THERMO DS-220 HYDROSTOP - PU WATERPROOF 500 D-80 HYDROSTOP ELASTIC D-1 D-1 FLEX D-9 D-59 D-29 SPOT FREE D-18 D-17 HYDROSTOP RENOLILT D-22 SILICONE SPRAY ΝΑΝΟ PROOF CERAMIC DS-270 ΝΑΝΟ PROOF MARMO DS-275 ΝΑΝΟ PROOF FABRIC DS-300 ΝΑΝΟ PROOF WOOD DS-350 Flexible waterproofing mortar for walls Two-component cementitious mortar Flexible cementitious sealant & adhesive Two-component cementitious Cementitious waterproofer Elastomeric (for flat roofs) Elastomeric (for flat roofs) Thermo ceramic energy efficient paint Thermal protection and waterproofing product for roofs Elastomeric (for flat roofsliquid rubber) Polyurethane waterproofer for roofs Two-component polyureabased waterproofing coat for roofs Covering and waterproofing cracks Cementitious brushable waterproofing mortar Flexible, cementitious brushable waterproofing mortar Brushable, cementitious (for roof ridges and clay planters) For clay roofing tiles, decorative ceramic bricks & clay pots Impregnating oil & water repellent for tiles Silicone-based, for plaster & concrete Silicone-based, for decorative bricks Stone waterproofing agent Water/oil repellent for marble & granite Silicone-based lubricant Water repellent for plaster, concrete, clay, stone surfaces Water & oil repellent for marble & granite Impregnating waterproofing for stain resistant fabrics Water repellent waterproofing for wood surfaces SEALING OF INTERIOR & EXTERIOR SPACES GROUTING AND EXPANSION JOINTS CRACKS BALCONIES ROOFS WATER REPELLENCY BALCONY AND ROOF WATERPROOFING OTHER SURFACES VARIOUS OBJECTS/MISCELLANEOUS Repair & Renovation Guide 11
SURFACE PREPARATION - PAINTING Before painting, it is necessary to prepare the surface properly. During this process, we prepare the surface for painting by using either a skimming putty or the appropriate primer. The table above will inform as to which product is suitable to use, depending on the applying surface. PAINT FILLING & SKIMMING PASTES PAINT SUBSTRATES STUCOFIX-P POWDER COAT GRANULAR GRANULAR ULTRA D-77 STUCOFIX LIGHTWEIGHT PUTTY Νο40 PVA PRIMER ACRYLIC WATERBORNE PRIMER AQUAFIX SOLVENT-BASED PRIMER METAL PRIMER NATURAL RED LEAD SOLVENT-BASED VELATURA WATERBORNE VELATURA DUROEPOXY PRIMER SOLVENT-BASED DUROEPOXY FLOOR PRIMER SF ALUMINUM & GALVANIZED STEEL PRIMER THERMOELASTIC COLOUR D-80 HYDROSTOP ELASTIC Ultrafine skim coat paste Filling paste white & gray 1-4mm Resinous cementitious white paste 1-20mm Resinous cementitious white paste 1-15mm Resinous cement paste for smoothing cement boards Ready to use acrylic putty Lightweight repair acrylic putty Interior wall primer Water-soluble primer Micromolar stabilizer Highly penetrating acrylic solvent-based primer Corrosion resistant white primer Anticorrosive undercoat Undercoat for enamel paints Undercoat for enamel paints Two component epoxy solvent-based primer Two-component solvent-free epoxybased primer Primer for galvanized & aluminum surfaces Thermo ceramic energy efficient paint Elastomeric paint for concrete & plaster INTERIOR SPACES WALL PLASTER SKIMMED SURFACE SOUND PAINTED SURFACE PAINTED SURFACE EXPOSED TO WATER VAPOURS PAINTED SURFACE STAINED FROM SOOT OR NICOTINE GYPSUM BOARD DECORATIVE BRICKS NATURAL STONES MICROCEMENT CEILING NOT COATED/BARE COATED WITH EMULSION PAINT COATED WITH CEILING PAINT OR ORGANIC GLUE WOOD SURFACE METAL SURFACE EXTERIOR SPACES SUBSTRATE CONCRETE PLASTER PAINTED SURFACE (CONCRETE/PLASTER) WOOD SURFACE METAL SURFACE GALVANIZED OR ALUMINUM SURFACE CEMENT BOARD CERAMIC CONSTRUCTS CEMENT RAILINGS DECORATIVE BRICKS NATURAL STONES MICROCEMENT PRODUCT APPLICATION GUIDE
The preparation of the surface, where each product will be applied, is of the upmost importance. It must be done meticulously because this ensures excellent behavior of the products, durability in time and the desired results. Before any application of primers/undercoats, all surfaces must be sanded and cleaned carefully from any loose materials, dust, salts or oils. Make sure that the surface to be painted is similar to what is described in the instructions for each product. Failure to comply with these instructions will result in detachments (peeling) and more frequent maintenance and the necessity for repainting. For a detailed description of the substrate preparation before painting, you can read in the section ‘Preparation of exterior building surfaces (p. 98) and ‘Preparation of interior wall surfaces (p. 99). ACRYLIC PAINTS EMULSION PAINTS WOOD VARNISHES VARNISHES FOR STONE AND MICROCEMENT ENAMEL PAINTS EPOXYBASED PAINTS WALL PRO NANO PAINT DUROPAINT-PU BATHROOM & KITCHEN 10 YEARS WARRANTY MINERAL SURFACE PAINT 100% ACRYLIC ROMIX 100% ACRYLIC SUPER SUPER ECO EXTRA ROMIX PROFESSIONAL RELIEF PVA CEILING PAINT DUROXYL WOOD PROTECTION/ CONDITIONER DUROXYL DUROLAC MARINER DUROXYL AQUA TOTAL WOOD PROTECTION DUROXYL AQUA DUROLAC AQUA MARINER AQUA TEAK OIL DECOFIN EPOXY SF DECOFIN EPOXY AQUA D-12 VISTA DECOFIN AQUA PU DECOFIN POLYURETHANE DUROLUX DUROLUX AQUA DUROEPOXY DUROEPOXY FLOOR SF Self-cleaning silicone-based paint Polyurethane Acrylic Hybrid paint Fungi and mold resistant acrylic paint 100% Acrylic paint for concrete & plaster 100% Acrylic paint, for mold protection Top-quality acrylic paint Acrylic paint for concrete & plaster Deluxe quality paint Odorless emulsion paint Highly durable paint Professional grade paint Relief/Textured coating paint For ceilings Solvent-based impregnating clear wood preservative Impregnating colored wood varnish Decorative & protective varnish Gloss marine varnish Waterborne impregnating clear wood preservative Odorless impregnating wood varnish Odorless decorative and protective varnish Odorless gloss marine varnish Natural oil with wax for the protection & maintenance of wood Epoxy-based varnish Epoxy-based varnish Solvent-based stone varnish Solvent-based acrylic varnish Water-soluble polyurethane varnish Polyurethane based varnish Solvent-based enamel paint for wood and metal Waterborne acrylic enamel paint for wood and metal 2 component epoxy-based paint with solvent 2 component epoxy-based paint solvent free INTERIOR SPACES WALL CEILING EXTERIOR SPACES SUBSTRATE For every use there is a solution!
PROFESSIONAL & RESIDENTIAL CLEANING PRODUCTS ACID CLEANERS BIODEGRADABLE PRODUCTS ACID CLEANER FOR CERAMIC TILES * D-21 MARBLE CLEANER * D-7 NATURAL STONE CLEANER * QUICK CLEANER GENERAL PURPOSE SALT FREE FAST CLEAN DUROFRESH D-95 CLEANER BIOCLEAN FOR FURNITURE & GLASS BIOCLEAN GENERAL PURPOSE BIOCLEAN BATHROOM & KITCHEN BIOCLEAN FOR POLISHED MARBLE BIOCLEAN INDUSTRIAL STRENGTH ΒΙΟCLEAN AIR CONDITION Construction residue & tough dirt Honed marble & granite Construction residue & tough dirt Cleans everything with one shot/spray Salt remover For fireplaces, barbeques & grills Multipurpose powerful cleaner Mold remover No streaks Cleans everything Cleanliness that shines Everyday use Removes oil, grease, petroleum Cleans and freshens up the area BATHROOM & KITCHEN BURNED GREASE ON BURNERS, POTS & PANS GRILLS, TOASTERS, BARBEQUES, FIREPLACES REFRIGERATOR INTERIOR OVEN INTERIOR PORCELAIN (BATHTUB, WASHBASIN/SINK) ACRYLIC/PLASTIC (BATHTUB, WASHBASIN) CONSTRUCTION RESIDUES & TOUGH STAINS STAINLESS STEEL - GALVANIZED TOILETS GARBAGE BINS/DUMPSTERS WALLS & FLOORS HONED MARBLE POLISHED MARBLE CERAMIC TILE GROUT CLEANER FLOOR LINED WITH NATURAL STONES WALLS - FLOORS LINED WITH ARTIFICIAL STONES SURFACES LINED WITH MICROCEMENT SURFACES COATED WITH VARNISH, EMULSION OR ACRYLIC PAINTS AIR POLLUTION OR SMOKE ON MARBLE, PAINTED SURFACES etc. SURFACES WITH GREEN - BLACK STAIN/MOLD FORMWORK OIL STAINS ON CONCRETE PAINT REMOVAL GRAFFITI REMOVAL CARS & BOATS AUTOMOBILE COATING PLASTIC BOATS - GEL COAT AUTOMOBILE WINDSHIELD CAR RIMS SURFACES WITH BIRD WASTE & INSECTS CLOUDY HEADLIGHTS SURFACES WITH TAR & TREE RESIN SENSITIVE MATERIALS & SPACES AREA RUGS, CARPET, AWNING FABRIC, BOAT TARPS TEXTILE & SYNTHETIC COUCH SETS SILVERWARE (ICONS - COOKWARE) GENUINE & SYNTHETIC LEATHER LACQUERED FURNITURE MISCELLANEOUS CLEANING & UNCLOGGINS PVC PIPING SEWER SYSTEMS SEWAGE SYSTEMS - SEPTIC TANKS DISINFECTION - BAD ODOR RUST REMOVAL FROM METAL SURFACES CLEANER FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTS & GARDEN FURNITURE FIREPLACES - CHIMNEYS - STOVES GLASS - MIRRORS AIR CONDITION ADHESIVE TAPES BOATS HEAVILY STAINED/SOILED HANDS PRODUCT APPLICATION GUIDE * CAUTION! B EFORE THE APPLICATION OF THE PRODUCT, REMOVE ALL STAINLESS STEEL OBJECTS AND MAKE SURE THE APPLICATION SPACE IS WELL VENTILATED.
SPECIAL APPLICATION CLEANERS AUTOMOTIVE CARE PRODUCTS ΒΙΟCLEAN BOAT CLEANER BIOCLEAN NICOTINE & SOOT BIOCLEAN CREAM FOR CLEANING HANDS D-26 RUST REMOVER WOOD CLEANER DUROCLEAN IN POWDER FORM D-61 D-19 GRAFFITI REMOVER D-15 CESSPOOL & SEWER CLEANER D-14 DRAIN CLEANER DRAIN CLEANER DS-210 YACHT CLEANER GEL COAT CLEANER MARINE METAL CLEANER & POLISH BIOCLEAN D-63 AUTO WIPE WAX AUTO SHAMPOO HEADLIGHT RESTORATION CREAM FOR AUTOMOBILES DUROSTICK TAR & TREE RESIN REMOVING SPRAY RIM CLEANER DUROFOAM CLEANER For inflatable boats and gel coat boats For painted walls Removes stains & dirt from hands Paint & varnish remover Powerful rust remover that works on any metal surface Cleaner for woodwork and garden furniture Fireplace smoke remover Stainless steel & silverware cleaner Graffiti cleaner Grease remover from piping and septic tank walls For pipes, traps and floor drains For pipes and traps Remover for adhesive tape residues Cleaner for vinyl boats Acid cleaning agent for polyester boats For stainless steel, brass and nickel plated metals Biodegradable cleaner for bird waste & insects Windshield cleaner Cleans and polishes at the same time Restores the clarity of headlights Effective cleaner Clean all types of rim Multipurpose foam cleaner BATHROOM & KITCHEN WALLS & FLOORS CARS & BOATS SENSITIVE MATERIALS & SPACES MISCELLANEOUS For every use there is a solution! Repair & Renovation Guide 15
with DUROSTICK, everything... ...becomes EASIER! 16 Repair & Renovation Guide
We have identified and photographed the most common problems! A picture is worth... a THOUSAND words... Locate fast & easily the problems of your construction!
18 Repair & Renovation Guide COMMON PROBLEMS Experience has shown that the solution to every problem, (regardless of the problem’s type or nature), depends mostly on the initial detection and, furthermore, the in-depth understanding of the problem. Whenever we need solutions from experts, it is very important that we are able to describe the problem correctly and clearly. But what happens when, despite our best efforts, we lack the necessary experience and knowledge to explain the situation properly? Recognizing the inability of many of us to be precise, first in identifying and then in describing the problems faced by a house or a building space in general, we thought of giving the most common problems an actual picture and name and giving the user of this guide an actual tool for reporting, describing, and communicating these problems. Because a picture is worth a thousand words! photograph section SECTION CONTENTS COMMON MOISTURE PROBLEMS p. 19-22 COMMON PROBLEMS WITH CONCRETE SURFACES p. 35-36 p. 23-26 p. 27-34 COMMON CRACK PROBLEMS COMMON PLASTER PROBLEMS p. 41-48 p. 49-54 p. 55-57 COMMON PROBLEMS WITH WOOD & METAL SURFACES COMMON PROBLEMS WITH MOISTURE SENSITIVE AREAS (BATH, BASEMENT, ROOF) p. 37-40 COMMON PROBLEMS WITH VARIOUS LININGS COMMON PROBLEMS WITH PAINTED SURFACES
MOISTURE The phenomenon of moisture penetration or formation on the surface or the body of a structural component of a building or home is very common for most of structures and most of the damages are attributed to that. The existence of moisture can be related to many factors: • Cracks or even networks of hairline cracks, • Water or sewage piping failure, • The location of the building element (basements or rooftops/attics), • The creation of damage to existing waterproofing or sealing coats/membranes of structural elements (treatment), • Lack of adequate sealing and waterproofing of the building surfaces and adjacent building elements (prevention). • The phenomenon of water vapor condensation on the surfaces of structural elements (e.g., due to the insufficient thermal insulation of the building or high-water vapor content of certain spaces). In this section, we present a series of photographs of visible problems due to moisture penetration so we can help all who are experiencing a similar problem in their home. In this way, anyone can communicate the problem to a specialist or to a specific store and be guided to the appropriate solution for the treatment of the moisture and restoration. photograph section - common problems Solution 5.3 (p. 133) Solution 6.9 (p. 140) Solution 1.8 (p. 114) Solution 5.3 (p. 133) Solution 5.5 (p. 134) Solution 3.4 (p. 123) Solution 4.5 (p. 128) Solution 6.9 (p. 140) Repair & Renovation Guide 19
MOISTURE photograph section - common problems Solution 1.5 (p. 112) Solution 1.6 (p. 113) Solution 1.1 (p. 111) Solution 1.10 (p. 114) Solution 5.4 (p. 134) Solution 3.4 (p. 123) Solution 2.7 (p. 121) Solution 2.3 (p. 119) Solution 2.3-A (p. 119) Solution 4.5 (p. 128) Solution 4.5 (p. 128) Solution 5.5 (p. 134) 20 Repair & Renovation Guide
MOISTURE photograph section - common problems Solution 6.9 (p. 140) Solution 7.11 (p. 149) Solution 1.10 (p. 114) Solution 2.1 (p. 119) Solution 2.7 (p. 121) Solution 5.3 (p. 133) Solution 5.3 (p. 133) Solution 5.9 (p. 135) Solution 2.7 (p. 121) Solution 3.4 (p. 123) Solution 4.5 (p. 128) Repair & Renovation Guide 21
Pictures we don’t like... Choose now the appropriate repair products! REPAIR PASTE FOR SEVERECRACKS & HOLES APPLICATION SUITABLE FOR INTERIOR & EXTERIOR SPACES TOOLS for cracks up to 30mm FLEXIBLE, FIBER-REIFORCED CEMENTITIOUS SEALANT for cracks up to 15mm • They are applied without formwork or mould • They present zero shrinkage • They have excellent adhesion to the substrate • Easy to work with • Does not sag and do not crack • They are not affected by frost and moisture can be colored with the pigments in powder form, DUROCOLOR POWDER-C, in 96 permanent colors.
CRACKS The presence of cracks in a structure is such a common phenomenon that it often escapes our attention as we go on with our daily lives. It is very important to understand: • The size of the damage of a crack (superficial or deeper transverse), • The medium-long-term consequences that its existence may cause, • Its possible development in combination with other factors, such as moisture, temperature changes, and possible micro-movements of the structural element. The effects concern the aesthetic image of the cracked surface, but in some rare cases, they also concern the structural adequacy of the element with the cracks. In this section, there is a series of photographs with visible problems (cracks). You can identify potential problems you have in your space, and be aware of the size and nature of the problem. In this way, you will properly convey the information to the technician or the store, and you will be more safely guided to the appropriate solution for dealing with and restoring them. photograph section - common problems Solution 1.3 (p. 111) Solution 1.3-Α (p. 111) Solution 2.6 (p. 121) Solution 1.3-Α (p. 111) Solution 1.3-Α (p. 111) Repair & Renovation Guide 23
CRACKS photograph section - common problems Solution 1.3-Β (p. 112) Solution 1.8 (p. 114) Solution 1.3-Α (p. 111) Solution 1.3-Β (p. 112) Solution 1.6 (p. 113) Solution 1.3-Α (p. 111) Solution 2.4 (p. 120) Solution 1.3-Α (p. 111) Solution 2.6 (p. 121) 24 Repair & Renovation Guide
CRACKS photograph section - common problems Solution 1.3-Β (p. 112) Solution 1.3 (p. 111) Solution 1.3-Β (p. 112) Solution 1.8 (p. 114) Solution 2.5 (p. 120) Solution 1.3-Β (p. 112) Solution 1.8 (p. 114) Solution 1.3-Β (p. 112) Repair & Renovation Guide 25
APPLICATION TOOLS • Excellent adhesion to the substrate • Zero shrinkage • Do not sag and do not crack • Excellent breathability • Excellent resistance to moisture and frost • Durability • Easy to work with FAST SETTING WHITE REPAIR PLASTER Restores large cracks 2-10mm thick Ideal for applications with thickness up to 1cm per coat Ideal for small repairs (same grain size of final coat plaster). WATER REPELLENT ONE COAT PLASTER Replace both the base and the top coat plastering Ideal for application with thickness up to 3cm per coat Color it in 24 colors, by adding DUROCOLOR POWDER-C, pigments in powder form. Pictures we don’t like... Choose now the appropriate repair products!
PLASTERS Most interior and exterior building surfaces, walls, ceilings, parapets and knee walls of terraces as well as balconies, are usually plastered surfaces. These surfaces are in direct contact with the interior and/ or exterior environment and are influenced by it. In some cases, factors such as: The composition of the surface (plaster) and/or the substrate (concrete, brick), • The intense weather conditions, • The inadequate waterproofing and/or thermal insulation of structure elements, • The minor movements of structural elements, • Vibrations from excavating equipment from adjacent construction projects, can all be critical for the wear and tear that may appear in a building and need repair. The repairs should be done both for reasons of aesthetic perfection and for the overall protection of the building and structural elements. In this section, there is a series of photographs with visible problems with plastered surfaces. You can identify potential problems that you have with your space, and be aware of the size and nature of the problem. In this way, you will properly convey the information to the technician or the store, and you will be more safely guided to the appropriate solution for dealing with and restoring them. photograph section - common problems Solution 1.3-Β (p. 112) Solution 1.7 (p. 113) Solution 1.5 (p. 112) Solution 1.3-Β (p. 112) Solution 1.7 (p. 113) Solution 1.3-Α (p. 111) Solution 5.1 (p. 133) Repair & Renovation Guide 27
PLASTERS photograph section - common problems Solution 2.5 (p. 120) Solution 1.3 (p. 111) Solution 1.3 (p. 111) Solution 1.7 (p. 113) Solution 1.3-Β (p. 112) Solution 1.3 (p. 111) Solution 1.4 (p. 112) Solution 1.7 (p. 113) Solution 1.8 (p. 114) Solution 1.3-Β (p. 112) 28 Repair & Renovation Guide
PLASTERS photograph section - common problems Solution 1.3-Α (p. 111) Solution 1.5 (p. 112) Solution 1.6 (p. 113) Solution 1.7 (p. 113) Solution 1.3-Β (p. 112) Solution 1.8 (p. 114) Solution 1.6 (p. 113) Solution 1.5 (p. 112) Solution 1.7 (p. 113) Solution 1.3-Α (p. 111) Solution 1.4 (p. 112) Repair & Renovation Guide 29
PLASTERS photograph section - common problems Solution 1.6 (p. 113) Solution 1.1 (p. 111) Solution 1.8 (p. 114) Solution 1.6 (p. 113) Solution 1.8 (p. 114) Solution 4.6 (p. 129) Solution 1.6 (p. 113) Solution 1.8 (p. 114) Solution 4.6 (p. 129) Solution 1.5 (p. 112) 30 Repair & Renovation Guide
PLASTERS photograph section - common problems Solution 1.2 (p. 111) Solution 1.3 (p. 111) Solution 1.6 (p. 113) Solution 1.5 (p. 112) Solution 1.3-Α (p. 111) Solution 2.2 (p. 119) Solution 1.7 (p. 113) Solution 1.5 (p. 112) Repair & Renovation Guide 31
PLASTERS photograph section - common problems Solution 1.3-Α (p. 111) Solution 1.3-Β (p. 112) Solution 1.3 (p. 111) Solution 1.3-Β (p. 112) Solution 1.8 (p. 114) Solution 4.10 (p. 129) Solution 4.11 (p. 129) Solution 1.5 (p. 112) Solution 1.6 (p. 113) Solution 2.3 (p. 119) Solution 7.10 (p. 149) 32 Repair & Renovation Guide
PLASTERS photograph section - common problems Solution 1.7 (p. 113) Solution 1.8 (p. 114) Solution 1.1 (p. 111) Solution 1.10 (p. 114) Solution 1.8 (p. 114) Solution 1.8 (p. 114) Solution 6.10 (p. 141) Solution 1.3-Β (p. 112) Solution 1.6 (p. 113) Repair & Renovation Guide 33
PLASTERS photograph section - common problems Solution 1.3-Β (p. 112) Solution 6.10 (p. 141) Solution 1.5 (p. 112) Solution 1.7 (p. 113) Solution 1.3-Β (p. 112) Solution 1.6 (p. 113) Solution 1.6 (p. 113) Solution 1.8 (p. 114) Solution 4.6 (p. 129) 34 Repair & Renovation Guide Solution 1.7 (p. 113) Solution 1.6 (p. 113) Solution 1.3-A (p. 111)
CONCRETE SURFACES photograph section - common problems In most buildings-structures made out of concrete and brick, there are almost always some exposed concrete surfaces in facades and balcony floors (underside), walls, the rooftop, and more. Direct exposure of concrete to environmental conditions, especially when there hasn’t been some provision for protection against moisture and sulfites or other environmental pollutants, leads to gradual degradation (deterioration and carbonation) as well as corrosion of the steel reinforcement (rebars) that is embedded in the mass of the concrete. There are also cases where concrete structures, although lined (e.g., with plaster), are affected by moisture that found its way, to the concrete and/or even eroded its reinforcement. Early detection and immediate restoration of the potential damage to all reinforced concrete elements are vital especially when these elements are part of the load bearing structure of the building, and in that capacity, may affect the structural integrity as well. The sole purpose of the relevant photographs listed in this section is to help in the direction of early detection. Solution 1.8 (p. 114) Solution 4.5 (p. 128) Solution 5.3 (p. 133) Solution 5.5 (p. 134) Solution 1.8 (p. 114) Solution 5.8 (p. 135) Solution 4.6 (p. 129) Solution 4.12 (p. 130) Repair & Renovation Guide 35 Solution 1.8 (p. 114)
CONCRETE SURFACES photograph section - common problems Solution 1.8 (p. 114) Solution 5.8 (p. 135) Solution 4.3 (p. 128) Solution 4.6 (p. 129) Solution 4.11 (p. 120) Solution 4.12 (p. 130) Solution 4.6 (p. 129) Solution 4.11 (p. 120) Solution 4.12 (p. 130) Solution 1.8 (p. 114) Solution 4.12 (p. 130) Solution 4.1 (p. 127) 36 Repair & Renovation Guide Solution 1.8 (p. 114)
LININGS photograph section - common problems Solution 6.3 (p. 137) Solution 3.2 (p. 123) Solution 6.11 (p. 141) Solution 6.12 (p. 141) The linings we encounter on a building surface may be of several different materials, such as ceramic tile, stone, granite, wood, metal, or other materials. Factors that can cause damage or wear and contribute to the partial or total destruction of the lining materials are: • The condition of the substrate (was not clean before the lining installation, was unsound, or had retained moisture), • Selection of unsuitable lining materials for the specific substrate or the use of the application space, • Wrong choice of tiles or another lining for the application surface, • Selection of unsuitable grouting or sealing products for the lining, • The failure to observe proper installation practices (preparation of the substrate, absence of expansion joints, etc.), • An incomplete assessment of the environmental conditions that affect the lining (moisture, temperature, chemical attack, etc.), • Mechanical stress, vibrations, and physical wear, are some of the factors that make it necessary to repair or replace the lining material(s). In this section, we list a series of photographs with visible problems with lined surfaces. You can identify potential problems that you have with your space, and be aware of the size and nature of the problem. In this way, you will properly convey the information to the technician or the store, and you will be more safely guided to the appropriate solution for dealing with and restoring of those problems. Repair & Renovation Guide 37 Solution 6.7 (p. 140) Solution 6.3 (p. 137)
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